Note: The studies listed provide general scientific findings related to the individual ingredients. They are not to be understood as promises of efficacy or as product-specific claims. The following publications offer an overview of the current state of research on each ingredient.
1
Saranraj, P. & M. Naidu (2013). Hyaluronic acid production and its applications - a review. Int J Pharm Biol Arch, 4(5): 853-859.
2
Vitamin E contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
3
Martel-Pelletier, J., et al. (2010). Effects of chondroitin sulfate in the pathophysiology of the osteoarthritic joint: a narrative review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 18 Suppl 1: S7-11.
4
Wang, S.-J., et al. (2021). The effect of oral low molecular weight liquid hyaluronic acid combination with glucosamine and chondroitin on knee osteoarthritis patients with mild knee pain: An 8-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Medicine, 100(5): e24252.
5
Nelson, F.R., et al. (2015). The effects of an oral preparation containing hyaluronic acid (Oralvisc®) on obese knee osteoarthritis patients determined by pain, function, bradykinin, leptin, inflammatory cytokines, and heavy water analyses. Rheumatology International, 35(1): 43-52.
6
Oliviero, F., et al. (2020). Effect of an oral preparation containing hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, hydrolyzed collagen type II and hydrolyzed keratin on synovial fluid features and clinical indices in knee osteoarthritis. A pilot study. Reumatismo, 72(3): 125-130.
7
Gupta, R. C., et al. (2019). Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6.
8
Wu, S.-C., et al. (2018). Hyaluronan size alters chondrogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells via the CD44/ERK/SOX-9 pathway. Acta Biomaterialia, 66: 224-237.
9
Wu, S.-C., et al. (2013). Hyaluronan initiates chondrogenesis mainly via CD44 in human adipose-derived stem cells. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(11): 1610-1618.
10
Akmal, M., et al. (2005). The effects of hyaluronic acid on articular chondrocytes. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 87-B(8): 1143-1149.
11
Chin, K.-Y. & S. Ima-Nirwana (2018). The Role of Vitamin E in Preventing and Treating Osteoarthritis - A Review of the Current Evidence. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9: 946.